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Azawad sw
From the West African state of Mali the berber provinces which population for decades struggled for equality with the black majority broke away. However the future of the self-proclaimed state of Azawad remains uncertain. It as a united front was opposed by key players in the region, including the Arab countries, Black Africa and the European union. The birth of the state of Azawad became, perhaps, the most unexpected geopolitical surprise for the last decade. It seemed, the berber question was solved in the middle of the last century when after falling of colonial modes in Africa descendants of the nomad evropeoidny tribes living mainly on open spaces of the Sahara Desert, were divided between eight countries, in each of which they made minority from the general population. The aspiration of berbers to create own state was ripped in the bud, and only in one of the most artificial states of the region – the former French Sudan which in 1960 proclaimed independence under the name Republic of Mali, the berber nationality туареги continued unequal fight for freedom. Independent Mali was made by two absolutely different historical regions. In the southwest of the country, in a river Niger valley, more than 90% of the population, mainly, negroid ethnic groups were concentrated. Туареги, making about 5% of the population, were disseminated in extensive northeast territories. The elite representing interests of the black majority, monopolized the Supreme power in the country therefore the evropeoidny population remained behind a framework of political life. In Mali open racial opposition began. "Racial contradictions in the region have old roots, however the French colonists strengthened them, having aggravated a situation at the beginning of independence, – the known American historian, the expert in the countries of the Western Africa Gregory Mann (Gregory Mann) writes. – Earlier French promised туарегам to create the certain province in Sahara which directly would submit to Paris. But when business reached independence and the considerable part of Sahara departed to Mali, туареги felt that "other" white betrayed them, having given them in a charge of the black. Туареги from time to time lifted revolts. All this not so beautiful history in which racism was shown from both parties. Armies of Mali with extreme cruelty finished with insurgents, but it didn't help. They could kill a great number of people, but couldn't kill dream". The policy of the black elite ignoring interests туарегов, for some decades led berber provinces to economic collapse. Nomads gradually squeezed out from not numerous oases, and fertile lands gave to immigrants from the southern provinces. The unreasoned agricultural policy led to a starvation of small arable territories. Having faced political and economic discrimination, the considerable part туарегов was compelled to leave Mali. The majority of emigrants located in Libya where many of them joined the ranks of local armed forces. After overthrow of a mode of Muammar Gaddafi (Muammar al-Gaddafi), the berber on the birth, the part туарегов returned home and, having received in the order the weapon and ammunition of the crushed Libyan army, continued fight for independence. The military operation begun in January of this year, proceeded a little more than month. During this time National movement for liberation of Azawad (NDOA) established almost complete control over berber provinces, and on April 6 proclaimed in their territory the state of Azawad. "We don't set as the purpose to overstep the bounds of Azawad, – it is noted in the movement press release. – We don't want to create a problem to the government of Mali and even less – to the southern areas. We wouldn't like that there was an impression that we – any aggressive gang so from this point when we freed our territories, the goal is reached, we on it stop". As one would expect, the Malian authorities and the countries of Black Africa refused flatly to recognize independence of Azawad. Their position was supported by Paris, which isn't surprising, as the French companies are engaged in development of uranium and gold fields in the territory of Mali. According to observers, under pressure of France actions туарегов the representative of EU on foreign affairs of Catharine Asheton (Catherine Ashton) who on behalf of the European Union called for preservation of integrity of Mali condemned. Declaration of independent Azawad was opposed also by the Arab countries of North Africa which are afraid of "berber spring" in the territories. Recently in the world press with reference to the Malian authorities information on possible communications of berber insurgents with radical Islamists in the Arab countries extends. In turn, experts emphasize that туареги are one of the least islamizirovanny people in all the North African region. "Tuaregi, – the unique people for the Muslim world, – writes in the blog on a radio station site "Ekho Moskvy" the historian and traveler Leonid Landa. – At туарегов close a face not women, and … men! In a traditional tuaregsky family the wife to a wedding doesn't see a face of the husband, it is wrapped up in a special cover of often blue color – to foxes. In this North African society in general many inhabitants of Europe can envy the provision of "weaker sex". Women туарегов own the earth, camels. The girl herself chooses to herself the husband, and even the house or parking name in Sahara is given by the name of women, instead of men. Some journalists believe that туарегам Islamic radical groups of the region help. Probably, the help also appears, however rules of the sharia state are badly combined with household culture tuaregov. Therefore the similar union hardly can be long-term". Real estate of in market -> Next | |
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